![]() ![]() It was a continental style meditative essay and the Anglo Saxon world, in spite of their infatuation with Montaigne and Umberto Eco, were about five hundred years late to the genre. It's easy to imagine that such a difference in Newlib variants was done as a "feature" and with the best intention, but it ends up just another inconsistency among platforms/boards.By then I had written the first volume of the Incerto, Fooled by Randomness, a book that was practically impossible to publish. for qemu_x86 "full" Newlib is used by default, while for frdm_k64f - "nano". ![]() Again, this leads to the necessity to define both on Zephyr side, and defining write leads to the user confusion (for the case of CONFIG_POSIX_API=n, which is the default, and the focus of our discussion here).īut looking closer, we see that the situation is even more tangled: for different architectures (or straight, boards), different Newlib variants are used, e.g. That pinpoints the issue reported: when built for different architectures, the same module within Newlib (specifically, lib_a-writer.o: _write_r) calls either write or _write, depending on the architecture. zephyr-sdk-0.11.2/arm-zephyr-eabi/arm-zephyr-eabi/lib/thumb/v7e-m/nofp/libc_nano.a(lib_a-writer.o): in function `_write_r'.So, we now see that prebuilt Newlib tries to call _write() (with underscore), specifically from: Writer.c:(.text._write_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_write' mnt/hdd/opt/zephyr-sdk-0.11.2/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/./lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/9.2.0/././././arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld: zephyr/lib/libc/newlib/liblib_libc_newlib.a(libc-hooks.c.obj): in function `_exit': Let's compare with errors for an Arm board: Which is Newlib prebuilt libc.a as shipped with Zephyr SDK (0.11.2, as can be see). ![]() So, what we see here is that write() (without underscore) gets called (among Zephyr in-tree cases) from: Writer.c:(.text._write_r+0x1d): undefined reference to `write' home/pfalcon/projects-3rdparty/Embedded/Zephyr/zephyr/lib/libc/newlib/libc-hooks.c:242: undefined reference to `_write' ![]()
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